Planet Jupiter Space Telescope Science Institute / NASA

Jupiter got its name from the Roman God: Jupiter Optimus Maximus (all-good, all-powerful, the God of the Gods – Zeus is the Greek equivalent). Jupiter is mostly gas, about 90% Hydrogen and 10% Helium, with some traces of methane, ammonia, water and rock. Its core is most likely solid rock, covered with a layer of liquid metallic hydrogen. Because the pressure close to the core is so great, hydrogen becomes liquid. Not only that, its protons and electrons get ionized – they start existing individually in this liquid (as opposed to being grouped into atoms). This hydrogen 'soup' is actually a conductor – that's why it is called metallic. Jupiter has 28 known moons, most of which are named after Zeus's lovers (Ganymede, Io, Europa, etc.)

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