Who was the Nobel Prize-winning American Physicist that is credited with determining the charge on the electron through his oil drop experiment?

Asked by: Emily

Answer

The credit goes to a Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago Robert Andrews Millikan (1923 Nobel Prize Winner in Physics). He determined the charge on an electron by causing electron laden oil-drops (thus the name 'charged oil-drop experiment) to fall between two electrically charged plates (the top one +ve, bottom -ve). he then repeated the experiment, but this time with uncharged plates. By measuring the difference in how fast they fell, he was able to calculate the charge on an oil drop. (He did this by equating Coulomb's law to Newton equations of motion). After repeating this experiment several times, he deduced that all his answers were whole number multiples of 1.6 * 10^-19 Coulombs (that's a decimal place followed by 18 zeros and then 16). He thus deduced that the charge on one electron was 1.6*10^-19 C. He was also able to deduce the mass of an electron using the charge to mass ratio.
Answered by: K Shaban, CS/Physics Student, Carnegie Mellon